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This is a small trench within a large dry ditch, and it is meant either to let water into it during a siege or simply in order to add protection within the ditch.

This is the part of the fortification which actually connects the bastions within the fortification. It can be made from or of a combination of products such as earth, stone, wood, etc.

This is almost like a road and it is usually approximately 10 feet wide. It runs around the ditch and is protected by a small parapet created by the glacis. It is used to move light artillery and troops on it around or about the Fort. The parapet is equipped with a banquette for the infantry to cove...

This is the uppermost course of masonry on a wall and it usually slopes either inward or outward in order to avoid the accumulation of water.

This represents any position which overlooks the fortifications, or vice versa when the fortification overlooks the country.

This is a structure that is very heavily constructed. It is generally raised 10 to 12 feet above the body of any other works surrounding it in order to command the adjacent works and the country (ground) around and surrounding it. A battery that is protected by stone parapets is often located on the...

This is actually a vaulted chamber, very much like a celler. It is built into the Rampart and it is provided with embrasures, gun ports or loopholes for defensive purposes.

This is basically a structure that exists permanently within a dry ditch and it is meant to allow flanking fire within the ditch in order to cover the ditch. It comes in the various shapes the most popular being in the shape of a sharpened pencil. The best examples of this structure are found within...

An imaginary line which divides the fortification into two equal parts.

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. p. 218. "1 January [1815] My New Years day not very auspicious, being very ill from my old disorder - dysentery. Marched to Church, however, before breakfast." ______ So really, when you ...

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. p. 218. "26 December A strong wind has broken up the fine skating ice. The Psyche, a fine Gun frigate, was launched today. Snow everywhere. 31 December Singular weather these last four days. I...

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. p. 218. "25 December Sunday 25th, Xmas Day. Wrote a long letter to my dear Grandfather in pursuance of a time-honoured custom of my younger days. Freezing very hard, obliged to parade in our E...

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. p. 155. "1 January [1814] This is a great day of festivity in Upper Canada as well as elsewhere. It is the visiting day par excellence. The Ladies sit in state, like girls sitting as Bridesmai...

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. pp. 153-154. "25 December Xmas day. How I looked back with sorrowful delight to those happy Merry Xmas days our family had enjoyed together at St. Eaters where my dear Grandfather, Sir John Du...

From the journal of Lt. John Le Couteur, D.E. Graves. Carlton University Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 1993. p. 78. "Xmas Day I dined at Government house. The General was in high Spirits, full of fun and entertaining anecdotes. 31 December [1812] Some idea may be entertained of the Society at Frederi...